Ашық сабақ «Гендік және жолдық мутациялар»
Answer the questions
1. what is larger- a gene or a chromosome?2. what is heredity? 3. What is the meaning of the terms «gaploid» and «diploid»? 4. What could be the result of a change in the DNA nucleotide?5. What is Variation?6. What types are variation?7. Fill in the square of the punnet and determine how many genetypes and phenotyhes fre here?
YOU WILL:
Determines the types and differences of mutationsGet information about mutagenic factors
Key terms
A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.
Genomic mutations affect not individual genes and parts of the chromosome, but the whole genome of the cell, as a result, the number of chromosomes changes. This type of mutation arises as a result of errors in the divergence of chromosomes in the process of meiosis.
Chromosomal mutations is an unpredictable change that occurs in a chromosome. These changes are most often brought on by problems that occur during meiosis.
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.
Polyploidy is the process of genome doubling that gives rise to organisms with multiple sets of chromosomes.
Haploidy – reduction of a normal number jf chromosomes in 2 times when the zygote has number of chromosomes 1n
A deletion mutation is a mistake in the DNA replication process which removes nucleotides from the genome. A deletion mutation can remove a single nucleotide, or entire sequences of nucleotides.
Gene duplication, a process which can result in free mutation. Chromosomal duplication, which can cause Bloom and Rett syndrome.
Inversion-A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene’s DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.
Translocations -a mutations occur in chromosomes, wherein chromosomesegments change positions. It can either take place within achromosome or between chromosomes.
Key terms
gene mutations- гендік мутация
Genomic mutations- геномдық мутация
Chromosomal mutations-хромосомалық м.
Aneuploidy- анеуплоидия
Polyploidy- полиплоидия
Haploidy- гаплоидия
deletion- делеция
Inversion-инверсия
Translocations- транслокация
Research timeIn Kazakh culture, we have a “shejire” which is pedigree that shows seven generations. Kazakh people do not marry if they have similarities in “Jetyata”. Make a research and list several reasons why these individuals cannot marry according to our traditions?Қазақ ұлтында жеті ұрпақты бейнелейтін «шежіре» бар. Қазақ халқы «Жеті атада» туыстық болған жағдайда некеге тұрмайды. Зерттеу жасаңыз және бұл адамдардың біздің дәстүрлерімізге сай некеге тұрмауының бірнеше себептерін келтіріңіз?
